This table is an editorial summary, not legal advice. Rules change fast; every row links to its official source.
Comprehensive lawPro-innovationState-directedSoft law / promotionLaw in progress
🇺🇸 United States
Pro-innovation
No comprehensive federal law. Since 2025 the administration has prioritised deregulation and US leadership; rules come largely from states (California, Colorado) amid federal–state tension.
Key measures
2025January: the 2023 AI executive order (EO 14110) was revoked
2025July: 'America's AI Action Plan' published
2025September: California SB 53 (frontier AI transparency law) signed
2025December: executive order seeking a national framework over state AI laws
The world's first comprehensive, risk-based AI law. Unacceptable-risk uses are banned, high-risk systems face conformity duties, general-purpose models face transparency rules.
Key measures
2024AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) entered into force on 1 August
2025Prohibitions (February) and general-purpose model rules (August) began to apply
2025Commission's 'Digital Omnibus' proposed delaying some high-risk deadlines — check current status
Fast, technology-specific administrative rules: algorithm registration, approval and content controls for generative AI services, mandatory labelling of AI-generated content — alongside an 'AI+' push for industrial adoption.
Key measures
2023Interim Measures for Generative AI Services (August)
2025AI-generated content labelling rules took effect on 1 September
2025Global AI Governance Action Plan and 'AI+' action plan
Governed through a national strategy and action plans; no AI-specific law in force yet. Personal data is covered by KVKK; EU AI Act alignment matters in practice for companies exporting to the EU.
Key measures
2021National AI Strategy 2021–2025 (Digital Transformation Office and Ministry of Industry and Technology)
2024An AI bill was submitted to the Turkish parliament — check whether it has been enacted
2024Updated 2024–2025 action plan for the strategy
A promotion-focused law without penalties, plus guidelines. A government AI strategy HQ was created; Japan launched the international 'Hiroshima Process'.
